Search results for "PsyArXiv|Psychiatry"
showing 10 items of 5620 documents
Transcranial magnetic stimulation as therapy for depression and other disorders.
1997
Objective: To provide an overview of the progress and prospects of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a psychiatric therapy for depression. Method: Published and unpublished studies of the usefulness of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a therapy for depression were assessed, and characterised in terms of a consistent measure of dosage. Additional information was obtained through correspondence, personal meetings and visits to facilities. Results: Transcranial magnetic stimulation, a means for inducing small regional currents in the brain, has been used in clinical neurology for some time, and can be used on conscious subjects with minimal side-effects. Early researchers noticed trans…
Influence of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Psychomotor Symptoms in Major Depression
2020
Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) might be a promising treatment strategy for depression. As disturbances in psychomotor activity are one of the key features of unipolar depression are, we aimed to evaluate the behavioral effects of ten tDCS sessions over a 5-day period on psychomotor retardation in depressed patients. Methods: Twenty-three treatment-resistant depressed patients received either active or sham anodal tDCS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (2 mA, 10 sessions over 1 week). Psychomotor functioning was registered by means of observer ratings (Salpê
Can transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improve impulsivity in healthy and psychiatric adult populations? A systematic review.
2020
Impulsivity is a multidimensional phenomenon that remains hard to define. It compounds the core pathological construct of many neuropsychiatric illnesses, and despite its close relation to suicide risk, it currently has no specific treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique whose application results in cognitive function improvement, both in healthy and psychiatric populations. Following PRISMA recommendations, a systematic review of the literature concerning tDCS's effects on impulsive behaviour was performed using the PubMed database. The research was based on the combination of the keyword 'tDCS' with 'impulsivity', 'response i…
Online gambling: A treatment for sports betting addiction
2020
Resumen Antecedentes : el juego de azar online (apuestas, juegos de casino, póquer, etc.) es una actividad que se está extendiendo mundialmente, incluso en los países en los cuales todavía no está legalizado. A pesar de que la situación en Latinoamérica es de lo más diversa, es probable que conforme se desarrolle y promocione el juego online aparezcan problemas de adicción, de forma similar a lo que está ocurriendo en España desde que este tipo de juegos se legalizó en 2011. De manera que la ciencia psicológica debe ir desarrollando programas de tratamiento que hagan frente a la nueva realidad. Objetivo: el artículo presenta el procedimiento seguido para el tratamiento de un joven con probl…
Materiell og profesjonell stigmatisering av mennesker med sykelig overvekt
2017
The aim of this study is to show how people suffering from severe obesity mightexperience stigmatization. We interviewed 6 persons recruited from aNorwegian rehabilitation center, specialized in lifestyle intervention in severeobesity. We found that the participants suffering from severe obese experiencedstigmatization and thus felt that they a) did not fit into the materiel world and b)experienced a lack of respect from health care professionals. The results arediscussed according to how contemporary symbols are embedded in oursurroundings and in our bodies. The conclusion underlines severe obesity as acomplex problem which is strengthened by rooms and interior designed for idealsizes. The…
Immediate Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Postural Stability Using Computerized Dynamic Posturography in People With Chr…
2020
Postural stability is commonly decreased in individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis due to multisystemic deficits. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive method to modulate cortical excitability, inducing neuroplastic changes to the targeted cortical areas and has been suggested to potentially improve motor functions in individuals with neurological impairments. The purpose of this double-blinded, sham-controlled study was to examine the acute effects of anodal tDCS over the lesioned motor cortex leg area with concurrent limits of stability training on postural control in individuals with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. Ten individuals with chronic post-s…
Short-interval intracortical inhibition is not affected by varying visual feedback in an isometric task in biceps brachii muscle
2013
Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) of the primary motor cortex (M1) appears to play a significant role in skill acquisition. Consequently, it is of interest to find out which factors cause modulation of SICI. Purpose: To establish if visual feedback and force requirements influence SICI. Methods: SICI was assessed from 10 healthy adults (5 males and 5 females aged between 21 and 35 years) in three submaximal isometric elbow flexion torque levels (5%, 20% and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction [MVC]) and with two tasks differing in terms of visual feedback. Single-pulse and paired-pulse motor evoked potentials (MEPs), supramaximal M-wave and background surface electromyogram (s…
Gray Matter Changes in Adolescents Participating in a Meditation Training
2020
Meditation has shown to benefit a wide range of conditions and symptoms, but the neural mechanisms underlying the practice remain unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the structural brain changes due to the practice by examining volume, density, or cortical thickness changes. However, these studies have focused on adults; meditation’s structural effects on the adolescent brain remain understudied. In this study, we investigated how meditation training affects the structure of the adolescent brain by scanning a group of 38 adolescents (16.48 ± 1.29 years) before and after participating in a 12-week meditation training. Subjects underwent Training for Awareness,…
Intensity of Respiratory Cortical Arousals Is a Distinct Pathophysiologic Feature and Is Associated with Disease Severity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea …
2021
Background: We investigated whether the number, duration and intensity of respiratory arousals (RA) on C3-electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings correlate with polysomnography (PSG)-related disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. We also investigated if every patient might have an individual RA microstructure pattern, independent from OSA-severity. Methods: PSG recordings of 20 OSA patients (9 female
Inverse Comorbidity: The Power of Paradox in the Advancement of Science
2013
Abstract: Research on comorbidity and multimorbidity is finally receiving the attention it deserves, particularly considering the magnitude and impact they have on health and the delivery of healthcare [1,2]. Numerous studies have demonstrated that individuals with Down’s syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, diabetes, anorexia nervosa, Alzheimer’s disease, allergy related diseases, multiple sclerosis or Huntington’s disease (among other health problems) are protected against many forms of cancer, including solid tumors, smoking-related tumors and prostate cancer. This apparent anti-cancer effect, which we have termed inverse cancer comorbidity, has been obse…